Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana

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Most governments decided to temporarily close educational institutions in an attempt to reduce the spread of COVID-19.^[1] As of 12 January 2021, approximately 825 million learners are affected due to school closures in response to the pandemic. According to UNICEF monitoring, 23 countries are implementing nationwide closures and 40 are implementing local closures, impacting about 47 percent of the world's student population. 112 countries' schools are open.^[2]

On 23 March 2020, Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) released a statement announcing the cancellation of Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge O Level, Cambridge International AS & A Level, Cambridge AICE Diploma, and Cambridge Pre-U examinations for the May/June 2020 series across all countries.^[3] International Baccalaureate exams have also been cancelled.^[4] In addition, Advanced Placement Exams, SAT administrations, and ACT administrations have been moved online and cancelled.

School closures impact not only students, teachers, and families.^[5] but have far-reaching economic and societal consequences.^[6][7][8] School closures in response to the pandemic have shed light on various social and economic issues, including student debt,^[9] digital learning,^[8][10][11] food insecurity,^[12] and homelessness,^[13][14] as well as access to childcare,^[15] health care,^[16] housing,^[17] internet,^[18] and disability services.^[19] The impact was more severe for disadvantaged children and their families, causing interrupted learning, compromised nutrition, childcare problems, and consequent economic cost to families who could not work.^[20][21]

In response to school closures, UNESCO recommended the use of distance learning programs and open educational applications and platforms that schools and teachers can use to reach learners remotely and limit the disruption of education.^[22] Colleges have scrambled to find creative solutions to teaching students online, in-person but socially distant, or in a hybrid format.^[23]